{"id":2081,"date":"2025-06-29T14:11:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T14:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wescocenter.org\/?page_id=2081"},"modified":"2025-06-30T11:29:45","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T11:29:45","slug":"reading-01","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wescocenter.org\/fr\/reading-01\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading 01"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2081\" class=\"elementor elementor-2081\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e26a5d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5e26a5d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b02fad elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" 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elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbed8be\" data-id=\"fbed8be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0d799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0d0d799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wescocenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/xx.png\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"493\" height=\"702\" src=\"https:\/\/wescocenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/xx.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2172\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wescocenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/xx.png 493w, https:\/\/wescocenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/xx-211x300.png 211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 493px) 100vw, 493px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b30b73\" data-id=\"6b30b73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-45f0964 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45f0964\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0bb1724\" data-id=\"0bb1724\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c38e491 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"c38e491\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h2 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Written Structure Quiz<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-190287a\" data-id=\"190287a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16be9f9 elementor-align-center elementor-tablet-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"16be9f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tesolafrica.org\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Call to Action<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e6ceec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5e6ceec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0991032 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"0991032\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Read Full Instruction by Clicking the above Image <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a272c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2a272c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-382d4fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"382d4fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n<html lang=\"en\">\r\n<head>\r\n  <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\r\n  <title>Complete Reading Comprehension Test (50 Questions)<\/title>\r\n  <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">\r\n  <style>\r\n    body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background: #f5f8fa; margin: 0; }\r\n    .container { max-width: 1000px; margin: 30px auto; background: #fff; border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 2px 12px #bbb; padding: 30px 18px; }\r\n    h1 { color: #295c98; text-align: center; }\r\n    h2 { color: #3d5e99; }\r\n    .passage { background: #f1f7ff; padding: 16px 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 2em; }\r\n    .question-block { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }\r\n    .question { font-weight: bold; }\r\n    .options { margin: 0.7em 0 0 1em; }\r\n    .options label { display: block; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 6px; }\r\n    .correct { background: #d0f5dd; }\r\n    .incorrect { background: #ffd4d4; }\r\n    .score { font-size: 1.2em; margin-top: 2em; text-align: center; color: #1a5c32; }\r\n    button { padding: 12px 32px; background: #295c98; color: #fff; font-size: 1em; border: none; border-radius: 7px; cursor: pointer; margin: 40px auto 0 auto; display: block; }\r\n    button:disabled { background: #ccc; }\r\n    @media (max-width: 600px) {\r\n      .container { padding: 6px; }\r\n      .passage { padding: 10px 5px; }\r\n    }\r\n    .section-title { background: #eaf1fa; border-radius: 7px; padding: 8px 12px; margin-top: 2.5em; margin-bottom: 1.1em; }\r\n  <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n  <div class=\"container\">\r\n    <h1>Complete Reading Comprehension Test<\/h1>\r\n    <div class=\"directions\">\r\n      <strong>Directions:<\/strong> You will read several passages. Each one is followed by a set of questions. Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to each question. When you finish, click \"Submit All Answers\" at the bottom to see your total score.\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Section 1: Questions 1-9 -->\r\n    <div class=\"section-title\"><b>Passage 1 &mdash; Questions 1-9<\/b><\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"passage\">\r\n      <b>Passage:<\/b><br>\r\n      Famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867\u20131959) created innovative structures and influenced architecture in his native United States and worldwide. Throughout his long life Wright\u2019s restless imagination and accumulating experience led to a constant renewal of his vision. In industrial and public buildings, he was a pathfinder with radical solutions to different problems in design and construction. His new approach to the timeless but ever-changing requirements of human shelter cleared the way for others to follow his lead.<br><br>\r\n      About the turn of the twentieth century, Wright introduced what quickly became known as his Prairie houses. These low-lying structures, cunningly adapted to their sites in the flat Midwestern soil, became the essence of architecture. Wright completely eliminated the boxlike arrangement of rooms that had for so long been standard building practice, opening the interior into a free-flowing series of spaces, doing away with what he considered unnecessary partitions and doors. He used light and space as the equivalent of traditional building materials. At the same time, Wright shunned the application of color and form and ornament, never using materials other than colors and textures of wood and stone with uncalled-for embellishment. As the writer Henry James observed of one of these structures, it was a house \u201call beautiful with omissions.\u201d<br><br>\r\n      Wright considered the furnishings and other domestic equipment of his houses integral elements of his architectural program. Wherever possible he chose to do away with fixtures of every kind and to incorporate into the architecture all means of lighting, heating, and ventilating. That program was made more practical by such advances in domestic technology as central heating and electricity. Except as ornamental and gracious accessories, the fireplace and the candle had long since headed the way of the parlor and the outhouse\u2014toward obsolescence. Wright believed that the furniture that cluttered the average interior was quite unnecessary. The furniture he designed for his houses used forms that are architectonic\u2014relentlessly rational. Even his occasional upholstered, freestanding seating furniture follows the strong horizontal and vertical lines of his architecture, rather than the curved lines of the human body.\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <form id=\"quizForm\">\r\n\r\n      <!-- Questions 1-9 -->\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">1. The word \"radical\" in line 5 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"A\"> A) simple<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"B\"> B) effective<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"C\"> C) sophisticated<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q1\" value=\"D\"> D) nontraditional<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">2. The first paragraph mentions all of the following as true of Frank Lloyd Wright\u2019s architectural achievements EXCEPT:<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"A\"> A) His approach to home design influenced other architects.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"B\"> B) He continued to change his vision of architecture over the course of his career.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"C\"> C) He designed buildings that were better suited to his native country than to other parts of the world.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q2\" value=\"D\"> D) He created public and industrial buildings that provided new solutions to problems of design and construction.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">3. The second paragraph answers which of the following questions about Prairie houses?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"A\"> A) How did the name \u201cPrairie house\u201d contribute to the success and popularity of Wright\u2019s work?<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"B\"> B) What building materials were used in their construction?<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"C\"> C) How did they differ in their appearance from earlier houses?<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q3\" value=\"D\"> D) Why were they usually located on sites in the Midwestern countryside?<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">4. According to the second paragraph, what changes did Wright introduce into his Prairie houses?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"A\"> A) He used a wider range of colors than had previously been used in decorating homes.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"B\"> B) He designed partitions and doors to be lighter and to have richer textures.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"C\"> C) He added ornaments made of wood and stone that contributed to making his homes beautiful.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q4\" value=\"D\"> D) He removed room divisions to create a more free-flowing, open interior.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">5. In the second paragraph, the author includes a quotation by the writer Henry James in order to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"A\"> A) establish that Wright\u2019s views influenced other artists and thinkers of the time<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"B\"> B) support the point that the beauty of Wright\u2019s interiors was that they did not contain unneeded elements<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"C\"> C) argue that Wright\u2019s houses were beautiful but needed greater ornamentation<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q5\" value=\"D\"> D) provide another example of an artist of the time who violated traditional art forms<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">6. The word \"integral\" in line 20 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"A\"> A) essential<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"B\"> B) decorative<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"C\"> C) practical<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q6\" value=\"D\"> D) potential<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">7. The phrase \"That program\" in line 22 refers to a plan to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"A\"> A) design furnishings and domestic equipment that could be used easily<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"B\"> B) create a variety of fixtures that would add beauty to the interiors of Wright\u2019s structures<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"C\"> C) make heating, lighting, and ventilating a part of the design of Wright\u2019s structures<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q7\" value=\"D\"> D) contribute to advancing the technologies of heating and electricity<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">8. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that Wright would have considered fireplaces to be<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"A\"> A) necessary features of the construction of the parlors in his homes<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"B\"> B) appealing for the warmth and light they could provide his homes<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"C\"> C) too decorative and outdated to be included as features of his homes<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q8\" value=\"D\"> D) appropriate only for larger and more expensive homes<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">9. According to the third paragraph, Frank Lloyd Wright believed that home furnishings should<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"A\"> A) be designed to be comfortable and to fit the shape of the human body<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"B\"> B) be kept to a minimum so that interiors would be uncluttered<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"C\"> C) be designed to be both practical and ornamental<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q9\" value=\"D\"> D) emphasize upholstered, freestanding seating<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <!-- Section 2: Questions 10-19 -->\r\n      <div class=\"section-title\"><b>Passage 2 &mdash; Questions 10-19<\/b><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"passage\">\r\n        <b>Passage:<\/b><br>\r\n        Thunderstorm activity is associated with the vertical motion of warm, unstable air and the formation of cumulonimbus clouds that generate heavy rainfall, thunder, lightning, and occasionally hail (precipitation in the form of ice pellets). At any given time there are an estimated 2,000 thunderstorms in progress over the face of Earth.<br><br>\r\n        As might be expected, the greatest proportion occurs in the tropics, where warm, plentiful moisture, and atmospheric instability are always present. About 45,000 thunderstorms take place each day, and more than 16 million occur each year around the world. Annually the United States experiences about 100,000 thunderstorms and millions of lightning strikes. Thunderstorms are most frequent in Florida and the nearly eastern Gulf Coast region (with activity recorded on 70 to 100 days each year) and in the mountains of New Mexico (50 to 60 days), while the western margin of the United States has the least activity (5 to 20 days).<br><br>\r\n        All thunderstorms require warm, moist air, which, when lifted, will release sufficient latent heat to provide the rising power, or buoyancy, necessary to maintain its upward movement. Although this instability and associated buoyancy are triggered by a number of different processes, all thunderstorms have a similar life cycle. Because instability and buoyancy are enhanced by high temperatures at ground level, thunderstorms are most common in the afternoon and evening. However, surface heating alone is not sufficient for the growth of towering cumulonimbus clouds. The development of cumulonimbus towers also requires a continual supply of moist air. Each new surge of warm air rises higher than the last, adding to the height of these clouds. These updrafts must occasionally reach speeds of over 100 kilometers per hour to accommodate the size of hailstones they are capable of carrying upward. Usually, within an hour the quantity of precipitation particles that has accumulated in a cumulonimbus cloud is too much for the updrafts to support, and in one part of the cloud, downwards develop, releasing heavy precipitation. This represents the most active stage of the thunderstorm.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <!-- Questions 10-19 -->\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">10. What does the passage mainly discuss?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"A\"> A) The differences between various cloud formations<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"B\"> B) The association of thunderstorm activity with the tropics<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"C\"> C) Types of lightning and the damage associated with them<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q10\" value=\"D\"> D) The frequency and formation of thunderstorms<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">11. The phrase \"in progress\" in line 4 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"A\"> A) clearing<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"B\"> B) colliding<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"C\"> C) increasing<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q11\" value=\"D\"> D) occurring<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">12. The word \"plentiful\" in line 6 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"A\"> A) abundant<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"B\"> B) average<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"C\"> C) rare<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q12\" value=\"D\"> D) expanding<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">13. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that which of the following areas is NOT known for the presence of warm, moist, unstable air?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"A\"> A) The eastern Gulf Coast region<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"B\"> B) The mountains of New Mexico<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"C\"> C) The western coast of the United States<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q13\" value=\"D\"> D) The semitropical part of Florida<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">14. The word \"enhanced\" in line 17 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"A\"> A) replaced<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"B\"> B) generated<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"C\"> C) intensified<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q14\" value=\"D\"> D) represented<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">15. The word \"continual\" in line 20 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"A\"> A) previous<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"B\"> B) steady<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"C\"> C) limited<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q15\" value=\"D\"> D) sudden<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">16. According to the second paragraph, all of the following are causes of the great height of cumulonimbus clouds EXCEPT<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q16\" value=\"A\"> A) repeated gusts of warm, moist air<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q16\" value=\"B\"> B) heat at ground level<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q16\" value=\"C\"> C) the speed of rising air<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q16\" value=\"D\"> D) the development of hailstones<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">17. The word \"they\" in line 23 refers to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q17\" value=\"A\"> A) updrafts<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q17\" value=\"B\"> B) seeds<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q17\" value=\"C\"> C) clouds<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q17\" value=\"D\"> D) hailstones<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">18. According to the second paragraph, the most active part of a thunderstorm occurs when<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q18\" value=\"A\"> A) updrafts and downdrafts increase equally in speed<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q18\" value=\"B\"> B) wind, lightning, and precipitation have lasted an hour<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q18\" value=\"C\"> C) heavy rain begins to fall<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q18\" value=\"D\"> D) updrafts first reach a speed of 100 kilometers an hour<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">19. Look at the terms \"hail\" (line 3), \"moisture\" (line 6), \"margin\" (line 11), and \"latent heat\" (line 14). Which of these terms is defined in the passage?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q19\" value=\"A\"> A) hail<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q19\" value=\"B\"> B) moisture<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q19\" value=\"C\"> C) margin<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q19\" value=\"D\"> D) latent heat<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <!-- Section 3: Questions 20-30 -->\r\n      <div class=\"section-title\"><b>Passage 3 &mdash; Questions 20-30<\/b><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"passage\">\r\n        <b>Passage:<\/b><br>\r\n        Although Italy is associated with the highest level of artistic innovation in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe, perhaps the most important technical change in Italian painting during this period\u2014the adoption of oil painting\u2014did not originate in Italy. The first reference to mixing pigments with oil comes from an arts manual produced by Theophilus Presbyter (approximately 1070\u20131125). Walnut or linseed oil was used, and it took an unconscionably long time to dry, as Theophilus complained. The Norwegians used it in the thirteenth century for decoration on wooden objects in churches, including statues and altars. The Italian painter Cennini, in the fourteenth century, saw it as a German method.<br><br>\r\n        It was the painters in the Low Countries (modern Netherlands and Belgium) who took it up in a highly professional way and improved on the process steadily. By the fifteenth century it was their usual method of painting on wooden boards or panels, and they were beginning to use it on walls. They quickly discovered that if they were careful and applied successive layers of thin oil paint, they could achieve effects of great translucency and depth, as with stained (colored) glass. Indeed, the early oil painters were often glass artists too and learned how to achieve the same glowing effects of church windows on nontransparent wood surfaces. Dutch painter Jan van Eyck (who worked between 1422\u20131441) achieved results that staggered visitors who had never seen oil employed as an art medium\u2014detail, brilliance, sensitivity, great depth, and completely new ways of depicting the existence and fall of light. The biographer Giorgio Vasari, writing a hundred years later, was so impressed by van Eyck\u2019s mastery of the medium that he wrongly credited him with inventing it.<br><br>\r\n        However, painting in oil took a long time to reach Italy and even longer to be generally adopted. Antonello da Messina, a much-traveled painter, is generally credited with being the first Italian to take it up, and he certainly showed some awareness of oil painting during a visit to Venice in 1475\u20131476. In central Italy, Pietro Vannucci was using mixtures of oil and tempera (water-based paint) in the 1480s. Venice was the first Italian city to adopt oil enthusiastically, and the adoption had lasting effects. It is certainly not true that the Venetians paid little attention to drawing and line as before applying paint to it, but they were never as devoted to drawing as the artists of Florence were; once they had adopted oil with such passion it was oil paints allowed them to change their minds while working on a painting. X-rays of paintings not originally seen as oil paintings (known as pentimenti), thereby revealing an artist\u2019s earlier versions of a painting. X-rays of Venetian painter Giorgione\u2019s masterpiece, The Tempest, which may be from as early as 1505, reveal that Giorgione replaced a sitting female figure with the image of a standing soldier in the final version. The Venetians also achieved richer and subtler effects with oil, and allowed for dramatic contrasting effects of darkness and light. Hence, just as the Florentines were prominent for their skill in drawing, the Venetians attained an unrivaled reputation for color and drama.<br><br>\r\n        There were other, equally fundamental consequences. If the artists of the Low Countries initially painted in oils on wood, they soon also learned to use stretched canvases made of linen cloth, variously treated to receive oil paint. The introduction of canvas was almost as important as the use of oil, for it gave artists much more freedom in determining the size, shape, and texture of their working surface, adding lightness and economy too. Painting on stationary wooden wall panels, a practice that went back a long time, was succeeded or complemented by a new and revolutionary painting on an easel, a portable, temporary stand for holding a canvas. Once artists could make a living from painting smallish canvases or panels on an easel, they could paint portraits, too, as now one of the most profitable art forms. The artist could either carry the easel about from place to place or work from a studio, where the painter could readily get models to sit for a painting.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <!-- Questions 20-30 -->\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">20. The first paragraph supports all of the following about the technique of mixing pigment with oil to produce paint EXCEPT:<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q20\" value=\"A\"> A) It required a long drying time when it was first used.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q20\" value=\"B\"> B) It was used for beautifying church objects in Norway.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q20\" value=\"C\"> C) Its use spread from Italy to the northern European countries of Norway and Germany.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q20\" value=\"D\"> D) The first description of it appeared in an arts manual that pre-dated the period of great Italian painting.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">21. In the first paragraph, why does the author mention Cennini\u2019s views about oil paint?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q21\" value=\"A\"> A) To establish that Italian painters were using oil paint by the fourteenth century<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q21\" value=\"B\"> B) To emphasize the idea that oil paint was not an Italian artistic innovation<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q21\" value=\"C\"> C) To challenge the idea that the Italians learned oil painting from the Norwegians<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q21\" value=\"D\"> D) To suggest that Italian painters should follow the method used by German artists<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">22. The word \u201csteadily\u201d in line 11 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q22\" value=\"A\"> A) quickly<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q22\" value=\"B\"> B) continuously<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q22\" value=\"C\"> C) significantly<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q22\" value=\"D\"> D) collectively<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">23. According to the second paragraph, which of the following can be inferred to have been the reason that oil paint became popular with glass artists?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q23\" value=\"A\"> A) They could use oil paint to obtain the glowing effects of stained glass on a nontransparent surface.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q23\" value=\"B\"> B) They could use oil paint on walls as well as on smaller panels.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q23\" value=\"C\"> C) They could apply oil paint in thin layers over an extended period of time rather than all at once.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q23\" value=\"D\"> D) They had seen the results of the use of oil paint in Jan van Eyck\u2019s work.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">24. Which of the following points does the author make about Jan van Eyck in the second paragraph?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q24\" value=\"A\"> A) He was originally a glass artist.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q24\" value=\"B\"> B) He was the first to employ oil as an art medium.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q24\" value=\"C\"> C) He demonstrated that oil paint could be used to achieve amazing artistic results.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q24\" value=\"D\"> D) He was generally recognized by his fellow artists as the inventor of oil painting.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">25. In the third paragraph, why does the author describe what X-rays revealed about Giorgione\u2019s The Tempest?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q25\" value=\"A\"> A) To support the idea that The Tempest is a masterpiece<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q25\" value=\"B\"> B) To establish that The Tempest was one of the earliest Venetian paintings done in oil on canvas<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q25\" value=\"C\"> C) To illustrate the extent to which oil paints allowed painters to change their minds while painting<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q25\" value=\"D\"> D) To help explain how Venetian painters achieved a reputation for color and drama<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">26. According to the third paragraph, Venetian artists liked painting in oil for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q26\" value=\"A\"> A) It allowed them to demonstrate superior spirituality to Florentine artists.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q26\" value=\"B\"> B) It made their paintings appear more dramatic.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q26\" value=\"C\"> C) It gave them a wider range of colors to work with.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q26\" value=\"D\"> D) It increased the richness and brilliance of the colors they used.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">27. The word \u201cunrivaled\u201d in line 40 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q27\" value=\"A\"> A) uncertain<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q27\" value=\"B\"> B) unexpected<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q27\" value=\"C\"> C) undeserved<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q27\" value=\"D\"> D) unequaled<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">28. The word \u201cstationary\u201d in line 46 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q28\" value=\"A\"> A) fixed<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q28\" value=\"B\"> B) lightweight<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q28\" value=\"C\"> C) large<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q28\" value=\"D\"> D) ancient<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">29. According to the fourth paragraph, what was one advantage of using canvases and easels rather than wooden panels to paint on?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q29\" value=\"A\"> A) Artists could make smaller paintings.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q29\" value=\"B\"> B) Artists could work in various locations.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q29\" value=\"C\"> C) Artists were able to paint a greater variety of subjects.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q29\" value=\"D\"> D) Artists could obtain brighter colors.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">30. According to the fourth paragraph, what was an advantage of doing portrait work?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q30\" value=\"A\"> A) There were many suitable models available for portraits.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q30\" value=\"B\"> B) Portrait work could be combined with painting wall panels.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q30\" value=\"C\"> C) Portrait work could be done more easily by using an easel.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q30\" value=\"D\"> D) Portrait work paid relatively well.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <!-- Section 4: Questions 31-40 -->\r\n      <div class=\"section-title\"><b>Passage 4 &mdash; Questions 31-40<\/b><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"passage\">\r\n        <b>Passage:<\/b><br>\r\n        Animals of the same species fight in their competition for resources, but they also help one another. From an evolutionary perspective, helping can be defined as any behavior that increases the survival chance or reproductive capacity of another individual. Given this definition, it is useful to distinguish between two categories of helping\u2014cooperation and altruism.<br><br>\r\n        Cooperation occurs when an individual helps another while, at the same time, helping itself. This sort of helping occurs all the time in the animal world. It occurs when a mated pair of foxes work together to raise their mutual young or a troop of macaque monkeys work together to repel another troop. Most of the advantages of social living lie in cooperation. By working with others for common ends, each individual has a better chance of survival and reproduction than it would have outside the social group. There is nothing about cooperation that negates Darwin\u2019s theory of the survival of the fittest. It is selfish. It is a way of obtaining resources that one cannot obtain alone. Whatever costs accrue are more than repaid by the benefits.<br><br>\r\n        Altruism, in contrast, occurs when an individual helps another while, at the same time, decreasing its own survival chance or reproductive capacity. Animals do sometimes behave in ways that at least appear to be altruistic. For example, some animals, including female ground squirrels, emit a loud, distinctive call when they spot an approaching predator. The call warns others of the predator\u2019s approach and at the same time tends to attract the predator\u2019s attention to the caller. The selfish response would be to remain quiet and hidden rather than risk one\u2019s own death by warning others. How can such behavior be explained from an evolutionary perspective? Any evolutionary account of apparent altruism must operate by showing that from a broader perspective the behavior is not truly altruistic. Sociobiologists have developed two broad theories to account for apparent acts of altruism in animals\u2014the kin selection theory, holding that such acts of altruism come about because they are most likely to help close relatives, and the reciprocity theory, arguing that acts of altruism occur because they increase the chances of receiving help from others in the future.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <!-- Questions 31-40 -->\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">31. What does the passage mainly discuss?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q31\" value=\"A\"> A) The competition for survival among different species of animals<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q31\" value=\"B\"> B) Cooperative and altruistic behavior in animals<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q31\" value=\"C\"> C) Sociobiological models that explain animal behavior<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q31\" value=\"D\"> D) The evolution of competitive behavior in animals<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">32. Why does the author mention the helping behavior of foxes?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q32\" value=\"A\"> A) To show how rare altruism is among animals<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q32\" value=\"B\"> B) To show how little the helper gains by helping others<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q32\" value=\"C\"> C) To show how helping behavior conflicts with the theory of evolution<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q32\" value=\"D\"> D) To show how helping others contributes to the survival of the helper and the recipient<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">33. The word \u201crepel\u201d in line 9 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q33\" value=\"A\"> A) force back<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q33\" value=\"B\"> B) live with<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q33\" value=\"C\"> C) dominate<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q33\" value=\"D\"> D) protect<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">34. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is a characteristic of members living in a social group?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q34\" value=\"A\"> A) Members of the group compete with each other for resources.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q34\" value=\"B\"> B) Members of the group who are mates perform more cooperative acts than others.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q34\" value=\"C\"> C) Members of the group improve their survival through cooperation with each other.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q34\" value=\"D\"> D) Members of the group divide into smaller groups when the group becomes too large.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">35. The word \u201cnegates\u201d in line 12 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q35\" value=\"A\"> A) suggests<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q35\" value=\"B\"> B) develops<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q35\" value=\"C\"> C) confuses<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q35\" value=\"D\"> D) denies<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">36. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a form of cooperative behavior in animals?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q36\" value=\"A\"> A) Performing tasks that benefit both animals and humans<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q36\" value=\"B\"> B) Working with others to find adequate resources<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q36\" value=\"C\"> C) Calling attention to themselves in times of danger<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q36\" value=\"D\"> D) Protecting animals of other species<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">37. The word \u201cemit\u201d in line 18 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q37\" value=\"A\"> A) suppress<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q37\" value=\"B\"> B) detect<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q37\" value=\"C\"> C) produce<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q37\" value=\"D\"> D) protect<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">38. According to the passage, which of the following is altruistic about a squirrel\u2019s warning other squirrels of predators?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q38\" value=\"A\"> A) The squirrel sounding the warning places itself in danger.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q38\" value=\"B\"> B) The predators will run away.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q38\" value=\"C\"> C) The squirrels being warned of danger might attack the squirrel giving the warning.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q38\" value=\"D\"> D) Predators might attack animals other than squirrels.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">39. The word \u201capparent\u201d in line 23 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q39\" value=\"A\"> A) seeming<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q39\" value=\"B\"> B) random<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q39\" value=\"C\"> C) frequent<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q39\" value=\"D\"> D) typical<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">40. The word \u201cthey\u201d in line 28 refers to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q40\" value=\"A\"> A) theories<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q40\" value=\"B\"> B) acts of altruism<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q40\" value=\"C\"> C) chances<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q40\" value=\"D\"> D) close relatives<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <!-- Section 5: Questions 41-50 -->\r\n      <div class=\"section-title\"><b>Passage 5 &mdash; Questions 41-50<\/b><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"passage\">\r\n        <b>Passage:<\/b><br>\r\n        Grains, notably wheat, provide a substantial part of Canada\u2019s agricultural revenue. Cultivation is concentrated in the prairie provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. A special variety of wheat\u2014Marquis\u2014was developed to withstand the country\u2019s dry climate and short growing season, and the wheat economy boomed with the coming of the railroads in the late 1800s. Rapid transportation to eastern ports opened access to world markets, and large grain elevators were built to store grain beside the rail lines.<br><br>\r\n        A system of \u201cdryland farming,\u201d first introduced into the prairies in the 1880s, facilitated the spread of large-scale cereal farming. It involves the systematic use of \u201csummer fallow\u201d to limit the effects of low annual rainfall. Once a crop has been harvested, the land is left crop-free for a year so that it can store moisture and yield a good crop the next year.<br><br>\r\n        The adoption of dry farming methods, as well as the introduction of fast-maturing grain varieties, helped Canadian farmers to greatly increase the area of land under cultivation in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Although dryland farming gradually reduces soil fertility over a long period of time, this can be forestalled by the use of fertilizers, and the system is still widely used as a means of conserving moisture.<br><br>\r\n        Wheat still dominates wheat farming in the prairies, except in the driest areas where it has been replaced with cattle ranching. Between 1900 and 1930 the area under wheat cultivation rose from 610,000 hectares to 10 million hectares. This phenomenal expansion was halted during the 1930s by drought and world economic depression, and subsequently by the disruption of the Second World War. But by the 1950s, production and exports were again increasing. Long-term contracts to supply wheat to China and the Soviet Union opened up new markets in addition to the traditional ones in Britain and Japan. The 1960s saw an expansion of beef production in the region at the expense of some wheat production, but since then higher grain prices have led to a new resurgence in wheat growing, and by the 1990s grains overtook livestock as the largest single source of revenue in the Canadian agricultural economy.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <!-- Questions 41-50 -->\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">41. The word \"withstand\" in line 3 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q41\" value=\"A\"> A) change the conditions of<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q41\" value=\"B\"> B) resist the effects of<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q41\" value=\"C\"> C) take advantage of<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q41\" value=\"D\"> D) take control of<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">42. Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph about the cultivation of wheat in Canada?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q42\" value=\"A\"> A) In the late 1800s Canada produced more wheat than any other country.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q42\" value=\"B\"> B) Development of new varieties of wheat made Canada a world leader in agricultural research.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q42\" value=\"C\"> C) The quality of Canadian wheat was higher than that of wheat grown elsewhere.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q42\" value=\"D\"> D) Ordinary varieties of wheat could not be grown effectively in Canada.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">43. According to the first paragraph, how did the railroads help Canada\u2019s wheat economy in the late 1800s?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q43\" value=\"A\"> A) They transported grain across Canada for export.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q43\" value=\"B\"> B) They carried large numbers of settlers to Canada\u2019s prairie provinces.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q43\" value=\"C\"> C) They transported seed to the prairie provinces for planting.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q43\" value=\"D\"> D) They contributed to the growth of cities on the prairies.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">44. The word \"facilitated\" in line 9 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q44\" value=\"A\"> A) helped<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q44\" value=\"B\"> B) included<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q44\" value=\"C\"> C) influenced<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q44\" value=\"D\"> D) limited<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">45. According to the passage, what is a disadvantage of farming using the dryland farming method?<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q45\" value=\"A\"> A) It removes too much moisture from the soil.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q45\" value=\"B\"> B) It makes the soil less fertile.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q45\" value=\"C\"> C) It is relatively expensive.<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q45\" value=\"D\"> D) It requires additional supplies of water.<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">46. The word \"this\" in line 16 refers to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q46\" value=\"A\"> A) dryland farming<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q46\" value=\"B\"> B) soil fertility<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q46\" value=\"C\"> C) long period of time<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q46\" value=\"D\"> D) the use of fertilizers<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">47. The word \"widely\" in line 17 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q47\" value=\"A\"> A) commonly<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q47\" value=\"B\"> B) economically<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q47\" value=\"C\"> C) productively<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q47\" value=\"D\"> D) selectively<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">48. The passage mentions all of the following as factors that contributed to the growth of the Canadian wheat economy EXCEPT<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q48\" value=\"A\"> A) an increased number of export markets<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q48\" value=\"B\"> B) population growth in the prairie provinces in the 1800s<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q48\" value=\"C\"> C) the introduction of dry farming methods<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q48\" value=\"D\"> D) the use of quick-growing varieties of grain<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">49. The word \"phenomenal\" in line 20 is closest in meaning to<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q49\" value=\"A\"> A) expected<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q49\" value=\"B\"> B) substantial<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q49\" value=\"C\"> C) extraordinary<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q49\" value=\"D\"> D) physical<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"question-block\"><div class=\"question\">50. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that the second-largest source of revenue in the agricultural economy of Canada\u2019s prairie provinces is<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"options\">\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q50\" value=\"A\"> A) crops other than grains<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q50\" value=\"B\"> B) the raising of animals<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q50\" value=\"C\"> C) the transportation of agricultural products<\/label>\r\n          <label><input type=\"radio\" name=\"q50\" value=\"D\"> D) exports to other countries<\/label>\r\n        <\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n      <!-- End of all questions -->\r\n      <button type=\"button\" onclick=\"gradeQuiz()\">Submit All Answers<\/button>\r\n    <\/form>\r\n    <div class=\"score\" id=\"score\"><\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n  <script>\r\n    \/\/ All correct answers, keys q1...q50\r\n    const correctAnswers = {\r\n      \/\/ 1-9\r\n      q1:\"D\",q2:\"C\",q3:\"C\",q4:\"D\",q5:\"B\",q6:\"A\",q7:\"C\",q8:\"C\",q9:\"B\",\r\n      \/\/ 10-19\r\n      q10:\"D\",q11:\"D\",q12:\"A\",q13:\"C\",q14:\"C\",q15:\"B\",q16:\"D\",q17:\"A\",q18:\"C\",q19:\"D\",\r\n      \/\/ 20-30\r\n      q20:\"C\",q21:\"B\",q22:\"B\",q23:\"A\",q24:\"C\",q25:\"C\",q26:\"A\",q27:\"D\",q28:\"A\",q29:\"B\",q30:\"C\",\r\n      \/\/ 31-40\r\n      q31:\"B\",q32:\"D\",q33:\"A\",q34:\"C\",q35:\"D\",q36:\"B\",q37:\"C\",q38:\"A\",q39:\"A\",q40:\"B\",\r\n      \/\/ 41-50\r\n      q41:\"B\",q42:\"D\",q43:\"A\",q44:\"A\",q45:\"B\",q46:\"A\",q47:\"A\",q48:\"B\",q49:\"C\",q50:\"B\"\r\n    };\r\n\r\n    function gradeQuiz() {\r\n      let score = 0;\r\n      let total = 50;\r\n      let form = document.getElementById('quizForm');\r\n      let allCorrect = true;\r\n\r\n      \/\/ Remove previous feedback\r\n      let blocks = form.querySelectorAll('.question-block');\r\n      blocks.forEach(block => {\r\n        block.classList.remove('correct', 'incorrect');\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      \/\/ Grade each question\r\n      Object.keys(correctAnswers).forEach((qid, idx) => {\r\n        let radios = form.querySelectorAll(`input[name=\"${qid}\"]`);\r\n        let answered = false;\r\n        radios.forEach(radio => {\r\n          let label = radio.parentElement;\r\n          label.style.fontWeight = \"normal\";\r\n          label.style.background = \"\";\r\n          if (radio.checked) {\r\n            answered = true;\r\n            if (radio.value === correctAnswers[qid]) {\r\n              score++;\r\n              label.style.background = \"#d0f5dd\";\r\n              label.style.fontWeight = \"bold\";\r\n            } else {\r\n              allCorrect = false;\r\n              label.style.background = \"#ffd4d4\";\r\n              label.style.fontWeight = \"bold\";\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n        });\r\n        \/\/ Highlight correct answer even if not selected\r\n        radios.forEach(radio => {\r\n          if (radio.value === correctAnswers[qid]) {\r\n            radio.parentElement.style.background = \"#d0f5dd\";\r\n            radio.parentElement.style.fontWeight = \"bold\";\r\n          }\r\n        });\r\n        if (!answered) {\r\n          allCorrect = false;\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      let resultText = `You scored ${score} out of ${total}.`;\r\n      if (allCorrect && score === total) {\r\n        resultText += \" Excellent! All answers are correct.\";\r\n      } else if (score >= 40) {\r\n        resultText += \" Great job! Review any mistakes and try again for full marks.\";\r\n      } else if (score >= 30) {\r\n        resultText += \" Good effort! Review the passages and try again for a higher score.\";\r\n      } else {\r\n        resultText += \" Keep practicing and read the passages carefully for better understanding.\";\r\n      }\r\n      document.getElementById('score').innerHTML = resultText;\r\n      \/\/ Disable submit after grading\r\n      form.querySelector(\"button\").disabled = true;\r\n      window.scrollTo({ top: document.body.scrollHeight, behavior: \"smooth\" });\r\n    }\r\n  <\/script>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d9e843 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4d9e843\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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